经济博弈论_Chapter13.pdf

进化博弈进化博弈 EvolutionaryEvolutionary GamesGames 第13章 ChapterChapter 1313 进化博弈 Evolutionary Games 目前为止我们学过了具有多种不同特征的博弈： We have so far studied games with many differentdifferent features:features:  同时和序贯博弈 Simultaneous and sequential moves  零和与非零和博弈 Zero-sum and non-zero-sum payoffs  操纵未来博弈规则的策略性行动 操纵未来博弈规则的策略性行动 Strategic moves to manipulate rules of games to come  一次性和重复博弈次性和重复博弈 One-shot and repeated play  许多人同时进行的集体行动博弈 GamesGames ofof collectivecollective actionaction inin whichwhich aa largelarge numbernumber ofof people play simultaneously Slide 2 进化博弈 Evolutionary Games 所有这些博弈中的参与者都是理性的：每个参 与者与者…… All the players in all these games are rational: each pplayyer……  ……具有内在一致的价值体系 has an internally consistent value system  ……能够计算其策略选择的后果 can calculate the consequences of her strategicstrategic choiceschoices  ……作出最符合其利益的选择 makes choice that best favors her interests Slide 3 进化博弈 Evolutionary Games 对理性可能的替代方法可以从进化和进化动力学的生物学理论中对理性可能的替代方法可以从进化和进化动力学的生物学理论中 找到，在那里…… One possible alternative to rationality can be found in ththe bibiollogiicall ththeory off evollutition andd evollutitionary dynamics, where……  ……人们可能采取好或（至少暂时地）坏的策略 PeoplePeople maymay playplay goodgood oror (at(at leastleast temporarily)temporarily) badbad strategies  ……好的策略可以得到更多的奖励 goodgood strategiesstrategies willwill bebe rewardedrewarded withwith higherhigher payoffspayoffs  ……参与者可以观察或模仿成功者并试验新的策略 players can observe or imitate success and experiment with new strateggies  ……随