气象与气候学（meteorology and climatology）.docVIP

气象与气候学（meteorology and climatology） Review of Meteorology and Climatology The first chapter is introduction Verse 1 1. weather and climate The synthesis of atmospheric conditions and atmospheric phenomena at an instant or in a short period of time. The weather process is a short-term process in the atmosphere. Climate: the integration of a large number of weather processes over a given period of time in the long-term interaction of solar radiation, atmospheric circulation, underlying surface properties, and human activities. The two are related as well as different, Climate is based on weather The weather is different from the background of the climate The weather changes rapidly, the cycle of change is short, and the climate is relatively long. Second quarter 1.: the climate system including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and cryosphere, land surface. Among them, the atmosphere is the main part, but also the most variable part. The composition of the atmosphere, water vapor, dry air, atmospheric aerosol particles. The atmospheric structure: the troposphere, stratosphere, middle layer, layer, heat dissipation layer. Third quarter 1. Main meteorological factors: temperature, air pressure, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, cloud cover, precipitation, visibility, etc.. (emphasis on wind here) The second chapter is the thermal energy and temperature of the atmosphere Verse 1 1. the basic laws of radiation The Kirchhoffs law It shows that at a certain wavelength and a certain temperature, the absorption rate of an object is equal to the emissivity of the object with the same temperature and wavelength. That is, the radiation ability of the material, and its absorptive capacity is also strong. The blackbody has the strongest absorption capacity, so it is the best emitter. At the temperature T, the same object radiated radiation at a certain wavelength and absorbed radiation of a certain wavelength at the same temperature. The Stephen Boltzmann law With the inc