气管插管（Trachea intubation）.docVIP

气管插管（Trachea intubation） Endotracheal intubation is the insertion of a special endotracheal tube through the mouth or nasal cavity into the patients trachea. It is a technique of endotracheal anesthesia and rescuing patients, and is the most reliable method to keep the upper airway unobstructed. Three, the advantages of tracheal intubation 1. keep airway clear 2., easy to implement assisted breathing and artificial respiration 3., anesthesia can be removed from the surgical area, especially in the brain, maxillofacial, facial and neck surgery 4. reduce respiratory failure in patients with respiratory failure, easy to oxygen inhalation and assisted breathing (a) by mouth in endotracheal intubation method: with laryngoscope under direct vision exposure of glottis, the catheter was inserted into the trachea in oral cavity. Four. Complications of endotracheal intubation 1. intubation operation technology is not standard, can cause tooth damage or fall off, the mouth, throat and nasal mucosa damage, causing bleeding. Inappropriate or excessive exertion can also cause dislocation of the lower jaw. 2. endotracheal intubation under shallow anesthesia can cause severe cough, laryngeal and bronchial spasm. Heart rate increases and blood pressure fluctuates violently, which results in myocardial ischemia. Severe vagus reflex can lead to arrhythmia or even cardiac arrest. Preventive measures include proper deepening of anesthesia, intubation, laryngeal and endotracheal surface anesthesia, and the use of narcotic analgesics or short acting antihypertensive drugs. 3. the inside diameter of endotracheal tube is too small, which can make the respiratory resistance increase; the inside diameter of the catheter is too large, or the texture is excellent, it is easy to damage the respiratory tract mucosa, and even cause acute laryngeal edema or chronic granuloma. The catheter is too soft and prone to deformation or obstruction of the airway due to compression or kinking. 4. the cathete