physical examination(体格检查).pptVIP

Physical examination Department of Endocrinology Hainan medical college Wang Xinjun（王新军） knewman@163.com Physical examination It is the process of examining the patient’s body to determine the presence or absence of physical problems. We use each of our four senses to elicit signs of disease: Inspection视诊 （sight and smell） Palpation触诊（touch） Percussion叩诊（touch and hearing） Auscultation听诊（hearing） “teach the eye to see, the finger to feel, and the ear to hear” What is the fifth? Smelling（嗅诊） Inspection Inspection is the search for physical signs by observing the patient with your eyes and sense of smell. First step in examining a patient or body part It includes a general survey of the patient’s mental status （精神状况） posture （姿势） body movement gait （步态) breath odor （呼吸气味） skin type pattern of speech stature （身材） state of nutrition （营养状况) acromegly How to inspect Make sure the room is in a comfortable temperature Use good lighting, preferably sunlight Look and observe before touching Compare symmetrical body parts Mental status and personal grooming Does the patient look well or sick? Is he comfortable in bed? Does he appear in distress? Is he alert or is he groggy? Does he look acutely or chronically ill? poor nutrition sunken eyes temporal wasting loose skin Does the patient appear clean? Is her hair combed? Does she bite her nails? Posture姿势 It may reveal significant information Congestive heart failure: sit in a chair the entire night Thus the positions of the patient at the time of the examination may suggest certain disease possibilities Palpation Palpation is employed on every part of the body accessible to the examining fingers. The palpation of abdomen i