英语专业论文：英语词素的理解.docVIP

Morpheme 1. Introduction We saw in the previous section that some words can be analyzed into smaller components. Ex. chairman chair, man townhall town, hall boys boy, -s checking check, - ing disappointment dis-, appoint, -ment 2. What Is a Morpheme? The smallest meaningful linguistic unit in the composition of words, not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms. 3. Classification of Morphemes 3.1 Free Morphemes Free morphemes those that may occur alone, that is, those which may make up words by themselves, e.g. boy, girl, table, nation. Such words are called mono-morphemic words. All of them are free morphemes. Compounds: there are poly-morphemic words, which consist wholly of free morphemes. A bound morpheme is stood by itself as a complete utterance; it must appear with at least one other morpheme, 3.2 Root Root the base form of a word that cannot be further analyzed without destroying its meaning, that is to say, it is that part of the words that is left when all the affixes are removed, e.g. friend as in unfriendliness. All words contain a root morpheme. Roots may be free: those that can stand by themselves, eg: black in blackboard, blackbird; or bound: those that cannot stand by themselves, e.g. -ceive in receive, perceive, conceive. A language may contain many free root morphemes. But there are relatively a few bound root morphemes in English. A language may contain many free root morphemes. But there are relatively few bound root morpheme in English. 3.3 Bound Morphemes Bound morphemes or bound roots are those that can not occur alone, they must appear with at least another morpheme. Eg: -tain (from Latin tenere “to hold”): contain, detain, retain -ceive (from Latin capere “to take”): conceive, deceive or receive 3.4 More Bound Affixes and Stems 3.41 More Bound Affixes Cred-: credit, incredible loqu-: eloquence, colloquy dur-: during, duration, endure aqu-: aquatic, aquarium, aqueous. Affixes may divide into: Inflection: g