u.s. epa authority to use cumulative risk assessments in environmental decision-making美国环保署有权使用累计风险评估在环境决策.pdfVIP
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u.s. epa authority to use cumulative risk assessments in environmental decision-making美国环保署有权使用累计风险评估在环境决策
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2012, 9, 1997-2019; doi:10.3390/ijerph9061997 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ISSN 1660-4601 /journal/ijerph Article U.S. EPA Authority to Use Cumulative Risk Assessments in Environmental Decision-Making Sarah Alves 1,*, Joan Tilghman 2, Arlene Rosenbaum 3 and Devon C. Payne-Sturges 4 1 ICF International, 9300 Lee Highway, Fairfax, VA 22031, USA 2 ICF International, 2222 East NC-54, Beta Building, Suite 480, Durham, NC 27713, USA; E-Mail: JTilghman@ 3 ICF International, 4464 Hillview Way, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA; E-Mail: ARosenbaum@ 4 National Center for Environmental Research, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Mail Code 8723P, Washington, DC 20460, USA; E-Mail: payne-sturges.devon@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: SAlves@; Tel.: +1-703-934-3534; Fax: +1-703-934-3730. Received: 17 January 2012; in revised form: 25 April 2012 / Accepted: 26 April 2012 / Published: 25 May 2012 Abstract: Conventionally, in its decision-making, the U.S. EPA has evaluated the effects and risks associated with a single pollutant in a single exposure medium. In reality, people are exposed to mixtures of pollutants or to the same pollutant through a variety of media, including the air, water, and food. It is now more
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