the expression of embryonic liver development genes in hepatitis c induced cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma胚胎肝脏发育基因的表达在丙型肝炎诱发肝硬化和肝细胞癌.pdfVIP

Cancers 2012, 4, 945-968; doi:10.3390/cancers4030945 OPEN ACCESS cancers ISSN 2072-6694 /journal/cancers Article The Expression of Embryonic Liver Development Genes in Hepatitis C Induced Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Martha Behnke 1,*, Mark Reimers 2 and Robert Fisher 3 1 Transplant Program Administration, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, 1200 E. Broad St., Richmond, VA 23298, USA 2 Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 800 E Leigh St., Richmond, VA 23298, USA; E-Mail: mreimers@ 3 Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1200 E. Broad St., Richmond, VA 23298, USA; E-Mail: rafisher@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: mbehnke@; Tel.: +1-804-828-5955; Fax: +1-804-828-2232. Received: 23 July 2012; in revised form: 9 August 2012 / Accepted: 13 September 2012 / Published: 18 September 2012 Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a difficult disease to study even after a decade of genomic analysis. Patient and disease heterogeneity, differences in statistical methods and multiple testing issues have resulted in a fragmented understanding of the molecular basis of tumor biology. Some researchers have suggested that HCC appears to share pathways with embryonic development. Therefore we generated targeted hypotheses regarding changes in developmental genes specific to the liver in HCV-cirrhosis and HCV-HCC. We