the cytoskeleton in papillomavirus infection乳头瘤病毒感染的细胞骨架.pdfVIP

Viruses 2011, 3, 260-271; doi:10.3390/v3030260 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 /journal/viruses Review The Cytoskeleton in Papillomavirus Infection Malgorzata Bienkowska-Haba 1,2 and Martin Sapp 1,2,* 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA; E-Mail: mbienk@ 2 Feist Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: msapp1@; Tel.: +1-318-675-5760; Fax: +1-318-675-5764. Received: 10 February 2011; in revised form: 1 March 2011 / Accepted: 2 March 2011 / Published: 10 March 2011 Abstract: Cytoskeleton defines the shape and structural organization of the cell. Its elements participate in cell motility, intracellular transport and chromosome movement during mitosis. Papillomaviruses (PV) are strictly epitheliotropic and induce self-limiting benign tumors of skin and mucosa, which may progress to malignancy. Like many other viruses, PV use the host cytoskeletal components for several steps during their life cycle. Prior to internalization, PV particles are transported along filopodia to the cell body. Following internalization, retrograde transport along microtubules via the dynein motor protein complex is observed. In addition, viral minichromosomes