the biodiversity hypothesis and allergic disease world allergy organization position statement世界变态反应组织生物多样性假说和过敏性疾病的位置声明.pdfVIP

Haahtela et al. World Allergy Organization Journal 2013, 6:3 /content/6/1/3 journal POSITION ARTICLE AND GUIDELINES Open Access The biodiversity hypothesis and allergic disease: world allergy organization position statement 1* 2 3 4 5 6 Tari Haahtela , Stephen Holgate , Ruby Pawankar , Cezmi A Akdis , Suwat Benjaponpitak , Luis Caraballo , 7 8 1 Jeffrey Demain , Jay Portnoy , Leena von Hertzen , and WAO Special Committee on Climate Change and Biodiversity Abstract Biodiversity loss and climate change secondary to human activities are now being associated with various adverse health effects. However, less attention is being paid to the effects of biodiversity loss on environmental and commensal (indigenous) microbiotas. Metagenomic and other studies of healthy and diseased individuals reveal that reduced biodiversity and alterations in the composition of the gut and skin microbiota are associated with various inflammatory conditions, including asthma, allergic and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), type1 diabetes, and obesity. Altered indigenous microbiota and the general microbial deprivation characterizing the lifestyle of urban people in affluent countries appear to be risk factors for immune dysregulation and impaired tolerance. The risk is further enhanced by physical inactivity and a western diet poor in fresh fruit and vegetables, which may act in synergy with dysbiosis of the gut flora. Studies of immigrants moving from non-affluent to affluent regions indicate that tolerance mechanisms can rapidly become impaired in microbe-poor environments. The data on microbial depriv