tetrodotoxin concentrations in pleurobranchaea maculata temporal, spatial and individual variability from new zealand populations河豚毒素浓度pleurobranchaea maculata时间、空间和个体差异性从新西兰的人口.pdfVIP

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tetrodotoxin concentrations in pleurobranchaea maculata temporal, spatial and individual variability from new zealand populations河豚毒素浓度pleurobranchaea maculata时间、空间和个体差异性从新西兰的人口.pdf

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tetrodotoxin concentrations in pleurobranchaea maculata temporal, spatial and individual variability from new zealand populations河豚毒素浓度pleurobranchaea maculata时间、空间和个体差异性从新西兰的人口

Mar. Drugs 2012, 10, 163-176; doi:10.3390/m OPEN ACCESS Marine Drugs ISSN 1660-3397 /journal/marinedrugs Article Tetrodotoxin Concentrations in Pleurobranchaea maculata : Temporal, Spatial and Individual Variability from New Zealand Populations Susanna A. Wood 1,2,*, David I. Taylor 1, Paul McNabb 1,3, Jarrod Walker 4, Janet Adamson 1 2 and Stephen Craig Cary 1 Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand; E-Mails: dave.taylor@.nz (D.I.T.); paul.mcnabb@.nz (P.M.); janet.adamson@.nz (J.A.) 2 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; E-Mail: c.cary@waikato.ac.nz 3 Department of Chemistry, Otago University, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand 4 Auckland Council, 1 The Strand, Level 4, Takapuna, Auckland 0622, New Zealand; E-Mail: jarrod.walker@t.nz * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: susie.wood@.nz; Tel.: +64-3-548-2319; Fax: +64-3-546-9464. Received: 29 November 2011; in revised form: 11 January 2012 / Accepted: 11 January 2012 / Published: 17 January 2012 Abstract: Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin that has been identified in a range of phylogenetically unrelated marine and terrestrial organisms. Tetrodotoxin was recently detected in New Zealand in Pleurobranchaea maculata (the grey side-gilled sea slug). From June 2010 to June 2011 wild specimens were collected from 10 locations around New Zealand. At one site