systems approach to studying animal sociality individual position versus group organization in dynamic social network models系统方法研究动物社会性个人地位和团体组织在动态社会网络模型.pdfVIP

Systems Approach to Studying Animal Sociality: Individual Position versus Group Organization in Dynamic Social Network Models 1 2 1,3 Karlo Hock *, Kah Loon Ng , Nina H. Fefferman 1 Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America, 2 Department of Mathematics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 3 Center for Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science (DIMACS), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America Abstract Social networks can be used to represent group structure as a network of interacting components, and also to quantify both the position of each individual and the global properties of a group. In a series of simulation experiments based on dynamic social networks, we test the prediction that social behaviors that help individuals reach prominence within their social group may conflict with their potential to benefit from their social environment. In addition to cases where individuals were able to benefit from improving both their personal relative importance and group organization, using only simple rules of social affiliation we were able to obtain results in which individuals would face a trade-off between these factors. While selection would favor (or work against) social behaviors that concordantly increase (or decrease, respectively) fitness at both individual and group level, when these factors conflict with each other the eventual selective pressure would depend on the relative returns individuals get from their social environment and their position within it. The presented results highlight the importance of a systems approach to studying animal sociality, in which the effects of so