音位 规则 表征 过程 韵律.pdfVIP

Department of English Studies, UCY MA 70 1 Principles of Linguistic Analysis Fall semester 2004 Dr. Photini Coutsougera, Lecturer (Rm M008, e-mail: photini@ucy .ac.cy) Office hrs: Wednesdays 1-3, Thursdays 3-5 (and by appointment) Phonemes – rules representations – phonological processes - prosody A general introduction to phonology A. Phonetics… • independent of particular languages • data of general phonetics is observable • phonetic studies can produce newf acts which can contribute to our phonetic knowledge …vs. phonology • dependent on particular languages • object of investigation not always directly accessible • cannot produce new concretef acts Phonetics studies the articulatory and physical properties of speech sounds (as well as the perception and processing of speech sounds in the brain) language- independently while phonology studies the various ways in which speech sounds (now as segments) are organised into systems of different languages. The goal of phonological theory is to develop a universal framework that will reflect and account for the capabilities of the language speaker. B. What is phonological knowledge?1 • Segmental knowledge (consonant and vowel system) of language X • Phonotactic knowledge (possible combinations of segments) in X e.g. - sp, st, sk : illegal in syllable-initial position in Spanish but OK in English - complex onsets are OK in English but not, say, in Rennellese (a Polynesian CV language) • Prosodic knowledge (stress and syllable structure) of language X • Morphophonological knowledge of language X (how different can two forms of the same word be in Language X? e.g. [eri] / [erka] in Cypriot Gk). C. The phoneme The concept of distinctiveness in phonology If two sounds, however similar they may be phonetically, con