surprised at all the entropy hippocampal, caudate and midbrain contributions to learning from prediction errors惊讶的熵海马、尾状核和中脑贡献学习预测错误.pdfVIP

Surprised at All the Entropy: Hippocampal, Caudate and Midbrain Contributions to Learning from Prediction Errors Anne-Marike Schiffer1,2*, Christiane Ahlheim3,2, Moritz F. Wurm4,2, Ricarda I. Schubotz3,2 1 Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, 2 Motor Cognition Group, Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ Cologne, Germany, 3 Institut fur Psychologie, Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster, Munster, Germany, 4 Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Mattarello, Italy Abstract Influential concepts in neuroscientific research cast the brain a predictive machine that revises its predictions when they are violated by sensory input. This relates to the predictive coding account of perception, but also to learning. Learning from prediction errors has been suggested for take place in the hippocampal memory system as well as in the basal ganglia. The present fMRI study used an action-observation paradigm to investigate the contributions of the hippocampus, caudate nucleus and midbrain dopaminergic system to different types of learning: learning in the absence of prediction errors, learning from prediction errors, and responding to the accumulation of prediction errors in unpredictable stimulus configurations. We conducted analyses of the regions of interests’ BOLD response towards these different types of learning, implementing a bootstrapping procedure to correct for false positives. We found both, caudate nucleus and the hippocampus to be activated by perceptual prediction errors. The hippocampal responses seemed to relate to the a