有哪些信誉好的足球投注网站study protocol a cluster randomised controlled trial of implementation intentions to reduce smoking initiation in adolescents研究协议实现集群随机对照试验的意图来减少青少年的吸烟行为.pdfVIP
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study protocol a cluster randomised controlled trial of implementation intentions to reduce smoking initiation in adolescents研究协议实现集群随机对照试验的意图来减少青少年的吸烟行为
Conner et al. BMC Public Health 2013, 13:54 /1471-2458/13/54 STUDY PROTOCOL Open Access Study protocol: A cluster randomised controlled trial of implementation intentions to reduce smoking initiation in adolescents 1* 2 1 3 4 5 Mark Conner , Sarah Grogan , Rebecca Lawton , Christopher Armitage , Robert West , Kamran Siddiqi , 4 6 2 1 Brenda Gannon , Carole Torgerson , Keira Flett and Ruth Simms-Ellis Abstract Background: The current literature suggests that forming implementation intentions (simple ‘if-then’ plans) about how to refuse the offer of a cigarette may be an effective intervention to reduce smoking initiation in adolescents. This study is a pragmatic trial to test the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of such an intervention in reducing smoking initiation in a sample of UK adolescents. Methods/Design: A cluster randomised controlled trial with at least 36 schools randomised to receive an implementation intention intervention targeting reducing smoking initiation (intervention group) or increasing homework (control group). Interventions will be conducted at the classroom level and be repeated every six months for four years (eight interventions). Objectively assessed (carbon monoxide monitor) and self-reported smoking plus smoking related cognitions (e.g., smoking intentions, attitudes, norms and self-efficacy) will be assessed at baseline and 12, 24, 36 and 48 months post baseline. Objectively assessed smoking at 48 months post baseline will be the primary outcome variable. Health economic analyses will assess life years gained. Discussion: The results of the trial will provide information o
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