stress granules in the viral replication cycle压力颗粒在病毒复制周期.pdfVIP

Viruses 2011, 3, 2328-2338; doi: 10.3390/v3112328 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 /journal/viruses Review Stress Granules in the Viral Replication Cycle Hilda Montero 1,* and Vicenta Trujillo-Alonso 2 1 Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n, Col. Industrial Ánimas, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México 2 Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: hmontero@uv.mx; Tel.: +52-22-88-41-89-00 (ext. 13323); Fax: +52-22-88-41-89-35. Received: 13 September 2011; in revised form: 13 November 2011 / Accepted: 14 November 2011 / Published: 18 November 2011 Abstract: As intracellular parasites, viruses require a host cell in order to replicate. However, they face a series of cellular responses against infection. One of these responses is the activation of the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-activated protein kinase R (PKR). PKR phosphorylates the α subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α), which in turn results in global protein synthesis inhibition and formation of stress granules (SGs). Recent studies have shown that SGs can interfere with the replicative cycle of certain viruses. This review addresses how viruses have evolved different control strategies at the SG level to ensure an efficient replication cycle during the cellular stress response triggered