six rapid assessments of alcohol and other substance use in populations displaced by conflict六快速评估酒精和其他药物使用人口流离失所的冲突.pdfVIP

Ezard et al. Conflict and Health 2011, 5:1 /content/5/1/1 RESEARCH Open Access Six rapid assessments of alcohol and other substance use in populations displaced by conflict 1 2 3 4* 5 6 Nadine Ezard , Edna Oppenheimer , Ann Burton , Marian Schilperoord , David Macdonald , Moruf Adelekan , Abandokoth Sakarati7, Mark van Ommeren8 Abstract Background: Substance use among populations displaced by conflict is a neglected area of public health. Alcohol, khat, benzodiazepine, opiate, and other substance use have been documented among a range of displaced populations, with wide-reaching health and social impacts. Changing agendas in humanitarian response-including increased prominence of mental health and chronic illness-have so far failed to be translated into meaningful interventions for substance use. Methods: Studies were conducted from 2006 to 2008 in six different settings of protracted displacement, three in Africa (Kenya, Liberia, northern Uganda) and three in Asia (Iran, Pakistan, and Thailand). We used intervention- oriented qualitative Rapid Assessment and Response methods, adapted from two decades of experience among non-displaced populations. The main sources of data were individual and group interviews conducted with a culturally representative (non-probabilistic) sample of community members and service providers. Results: Widespread use of alcohol, particularly artisanally-produced alcohol, in Kenya, Liberia, Uganda, and Thailand, and opiates in Iran and Pakistan was believed by participants to be linked to a range of health, social and protection problems, including illness, injury (intentional and unintentional), gender-based violence, risky behavio