机械松动现象与故障特性研究综述-噪声与振动控制.PDFVIP

第35 卷 第2 期 噪 声 与 振 动 控 制 Vol 35 No.2 2015 年4 月 NOISE AND VIBRATION CONTROL Apr. 2015 文章编号：1006-1355(2015)02-0001-06+23 机械松动现象与故障特性研究综述 曹青松 ，向 琴 ，熊国良 （华东交通大学 机电工程学院，南昌 330013 ） 摘 要：松动现象广泛存在于机械系统中，包括基础松动、支座松动及部件间配合松动。为此举例说明了三类松动 的故障成因，归纳了国内外研究中常见的几种松动模型，从松动故障的动力学建模、求解方法及其非线性动力学特性 等方面，对单一松动、松动—碰摩耦合、松动—裂纹耦合、两端支座松动、质量慢变系统松动与双跨转子系统松动等六 类松动问题的研究现状进行了阐述，并简要介绍了松动实验的研究现状。最后，对松动故障研究中的关键问题或进一 步研究课题进行了展望。 关键词：振动与波；机械松动；故障特性；转子系统；非线性振动 中文分类号：O322 ；TH 113 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn. 1006-1335.2015.02.001 Review of Mechanical Looseness Phenomena and Failure Characteristics Study CAO Qing-song , XIANG Qin , XIONG Guo-liang ( School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China ) Abstract : There exist looseness phenomena in mechanical systems, including foundation looseness, pedestal looseness and component match looseness. The causes of the three types of looseness were explained with examples. Some common types of looseness models were summarized. Research status of six types of looseness, including single looseness, looseness coupled with rub-impact, looseness coupled with crack, looseness at two end-supports, looseness of rotor system with slowly varying mass, and looseness of double-span rotor system was elaborated in the aspects of dynamics modeling, solution meth- od and their nonlinear dynamic characteristics. Research of looseness experiments were also introduced briefly. Finally, the hot points for further study of the looseness faults were prospected. Key words : vibration and wave ; mechanical looseness ; failure ch