analysis of the lung microbiome in the “healthy” smoker and in copd分析u201c健康u201d吸烟者的肺部微生物和慢性阻塞性肺病.pdfVIP

Analysis of the Lung Microbiome in the ‘‘Healthy’’ Smoker and in COPD 1 1 1 1,2 John R. Erb-Downward , Deborah L. Thompson , Meilan K. Han , Christine M. Freeman , Lisa 1,2 1 1 1,2 1,2 McCloskey , Lindsay A. Schmidt , Vincent B. Young , Galen B. Toews , Jeffrey L. Curtis , Baskaran 1 1. 1 . Sundaram , Fernando J. Martinez , Gary B. Huffnagle * 1 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America, 2 Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America Abstract Although culture-independent techniques have shown that the lungs are not sterile, little is known about the lung microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We used pyrosequencing of 16S amplicons to analyze the lung microbiome in two ways: first, using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) to sample the distal bronchi and air-spaces; and second, by examining multiple discrete tissue sites in the lungs of six subjects removed at the time of transplantation. We performed BAL on three never-smokers (NS) with normal spirometry, seven smokers with normal spirometry (‘‘heathy smokers’’, HS), and four subjects with COPD (CS). Bacterial 16 s sequences were found in all subjects, without significant quantitative differences between groups. Both taxonomy-based and taxonomy-independent approaches disclosed heterogeneity in the bacterial communities b