amyloid beta resistance in nerve cell lines is mediated by the warburg effectβ淀粉样蛋白在神经细胞线路电阻由华宝的效果.pdfVIP

Amyloid Beta Resistance in Nerve Cell Lines Is Mediated by the Warburg Effect 1 1 1 1 2 Jordan T. Newington , Andrea Pitts , Andrew Chien , Robert Arseneault , David Schubert , Robert C. Cumming1* 1 Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, 2 Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America Abstract Amyloid beta (Ab) peptide accumulation in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is closely associated with increased nerve cell death. However, many cells survive and it is important to understand the mechanisms involved in this survival response. Recent studies have shown that an anti-apoptotic mechanism in cancer cells is mediated by aerobic glycolysis, also known as the Warburg effect. One of the major regulators of aerobic glycolysis is pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), an enzyme which represses mitochondrial respiration and forces the cell to rely heavily on glycolysis, even in the presence of oxygen. Recent neuroimaging studies have shown that the spatial distribution of aerobic glycolysis in the brains of AD patients strongly correlates with Ab deposition. Interestingly, clonal nerve cell lines selected for resistance to Ab exhibit increased glycolysis as a result of activation of the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor 1. Here we show that Ab resistant nerve cell lines upregulate Warburg effect enzymes in a manner reminiscent of cancer cells. In particular, Ab resistant nerve cell lines showed elevated PDK1 expression in addition to an increase in lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) activity and lactate production when compared to control cells. In addition, mitochondrial derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) were ma