accurate blood flow measurements are artificial tracers necessary准确的血流测量人工示踪剂是必要的.pdfVIP

Accurate Blood Flow Measurements: Are Artificial Tracers Necessary? 1 1 2 1 Christian Poelma *, Astrid Kloosterman , Beerend P. Hierck , Jerry Westerweel 1 Laboratory for Aero Hydrodynamics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 2 Department of Anatomy Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Abstract Imaging-based blood flow measurement techniques, such as particle image velocimetry, have become an important tool in cardiovascular research. They provide quantitative information about blood flow, which benefits applications ranging from developmental biology to tumor perfusion studies. Studies using these methods can be classified based on whether they use artificial tracers or red blood cells to visualize the fluid motion. We here present the first direct comparison in vivo of both methods. For high magnification cases, the experiments using red blood cells strongly underestimate the flow (up to 50% in the present case), as compared to the tracer results. For medium magnification cases, the results from both methods are indistinguishable as they give the same underestimation of the real velocities (approximately 33%, based on in vitro reference measurements). These results suggest that flow characteristics reported in literature cannot be compared without a careful evaluation of the imaging characteristics. A method to predict the expected flow averaging behavior for a particular facility is presented. Citation: Poelma C, Kloosterman A, Hierck BP, Westerweel J (2012) Accurate Blood Flow Measurements: Are Artificial Tracers Necessary? PLoS ONE 7(9): e45247. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045247 Editor: Michael R. Emmert-Buck, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States of A