外文翻译-城市的流动性和城市形态：不同模式的城市扩张产生的社会和环境成本.doc

毕业设计外文资料翻译 题 目 学 院 专 业 班 级 学 生 学 号 指导教师 二〇一一 年月日Ecological Economics 40 (2002) 199–216 Urban mobility and urban form: the social and environmental costs of different patterns of urban expansion Roberto Camagni, Maria Cristina Gibelli, Paolo Rigamonti Abstract：The question of the environmental or social costs of urban form is increasingly attracting attention in spatial policy, but scienti?c debate in this ?eld is often marred by prejudices and abstract visions; empirical analyses are very rare. The present study aims at establishing, in the metropolitan area of Milan, whether different patterns of urban expansion could be associated with speci?c environmental costs—in particular, for land consumption and mobility generation. Different typologies of urban expansion were de?ned, and an impact index weighting differently journey-to-work trips with reference to mode and time length was built at the municipality level. The statistical analysis con?rmed the expected ‘‘wasteful’’ character of sprawling development patterns in terms of land consumption, though suggesting that recent urban development is becoming relatively ‘virtuous’ with respect to the past. With reference to the mobility generated, higher environmental impacts were proved to be associated with low densities, sprawling development, more recent urbanisation processes and residential specialisation of the single municipalities. Public transport seems to be strongly in?uenced, both in terms of ef?ciency and competitiveness, by the structural organisation of an urban area: the more dispersed and less structured the development, the lower its level of ef?ciency and competitiveness and consequently its share of the mobility market. On the contrary, trip times for private transport appear to be correlated not so much to urban dimension or density as to the presence of recent housing development, indicating the emergence of new mode