长城英文介绍-中英文对照 2.pptVIP

;;;;;; Later, the Han, Sui and Jin dynasties all repaired, rebuilt, or expanded sections of the Great Wall at great cost to defend themselves against northern invaders. Towards the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall helped defend the empire against the Manchu invasions. However, when the gates at Shanhaiguan were opened by Wu Sangui, the Manchus quickly seized Beijing and established the Qing Dynasty. Under Qing rule, Chinas borders extended beyond the walls and Mongolia was annexed into the empire, so construction and repairs on the Great Wall were discontinued. ; 从春秋时代开始，我国古代人民便已熟悉城墙建造技术。在从公元前5世纪至公元前221年的战国时期，秦、魏、赵、齐和燕各国建立广泛的防御工事来保卫自己的边界。公元前221年，秦始皇征服了所有反对国家而统一了个国，建立秦朝。为了避免匈奴人的入侵，他下沿着整个国家的北部边界建立新的城墙，以连接残留的防御工事。古城墙大部分已侵蚀了数百年，只有极少数路段保留至今。后来的长城由汉，隋和晋朝以极大的代价来修理，改建或是扩建长城以捍卫自己免于北方的侵略。在15世纪40-60年代，明朝修建了所谓的“辽东长城”。明朝末年，长城抵御了满清帝国入侵。然而，当山海关隘口被吴三桂打开后，满族人迅速占领了北京，建立了清朝。在清朝统治下，中国的边界一直延伸到长城之外和蒙古，所以建造和维修长城的工事被停止。 ;;; The Great Wall is the mightiest work of man, the only one that would be visible to the human eye from the moon. -- Richard Halliburton 长城是人类最伟大的工程，是唯一可以从月球上直接用肉眼看到的东西。 —— 理查德·哈里伯顿。 The Great Wall is a maximum 9.1 m (30 ft) wide, and is about the same color as the soil surrounding it. Based on the optics of resolving power, only an object of reasonable contrast to its surroundings which is 70 mi (110 km) or more in diameter would be visible to the unaided eye from the moon. The apparent width of the Great Wall from the moon is the same as that of a human hair viewed from 2 miles away. To see the wall from the moon would require spatial resolution 17,000 times better than normal vision. Unsurprisingly, no lunar astronaut has ever claimed to have seen the Great Wall from the moon. 长城最宽是9.1米（30英尺），颜色和周围土壤的颜色相似。基于光学分辨能力，人们从月球上直接用肉眼可以看到直径70英里（110公里）以上的物体。从月球表面看长城的宽度就好比从2英里外看人类的头发一样。要从月球上看到长城的话将需要优于正常视力17,000倍的空间分辨率。因此，月球的宇航员从未声称已经从月球上看到长城也就不奇怪。 ; A more controversial question is