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THE TECHNOLOGY BEHIND THE (背后的技术)
THE TECHNOLOGY BEHIND THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PYRAMIDS OF GIZA
On a large plateau just west of Cairo one finds three huge square base pyramids constructed of mainly
large limestone blocks. These pyramids were built during the time of the Old Egyptian Dynasty some
4500 years ago. The largest of the three pyramids, often referred to as the Great Pyramid , was
commissioned by Pharaoh Khufu(2551‐2528 BC) as his burial place and is the only one still existing of
the seven wonders of the ancient world. People have speculated for years, starting with Herodotus ,
how these monuments could have been built by people who were not familiar with the wheel, worked
only with copper tools, and had no idea about machinery such as cranes and/or block and tackle and
had only limited knowledge of astronomy. Yet they did it using a large supply of human labor typically
toiling some twenty years per pyramid. It is our purpose here to offer a more rational explanation of
how this was accomplished without the need to introduce the use of technology which was not yet
known at the time.
The driving force behind the building of the Egyptian pyramids was their religious belief that a deceased
body must be preserved and protected to gain entrance into an afterlife. Mummification and large
stable and impenetrable stone structures as a tomb in the form of pyramids met these criteria. Hence
the ruling Pharaohs , with their almost unlimited powers and enormous wealth , commissioned these
structures and supported research into superior embalming techniques. We want to focus here on the
mathematics and technology used in constructing the best three of these pyramids, namely, the ones at
the Giza Plateau.
We begin with a figure we have constructed from an aerial view of these pyramids. Here is the figure
showing both their orientation with respect to the cardinal points and their relative spacing‐
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