The Motion of Celestial Bodies EOLSS（天体的运动EOLSS）.pdf

ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS - The Motion of Celestial Bodies - Kaare Aksnes THE MOTION OF CELESTIAL BODIES Kaare Aksnes Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics University of Oslo Keywords: celestial mechanics, two-body orbits, three-body orbits, perturbations, tides, non-gravitational forces, planets, satellites, space probes Contents 1. Introduction 2. Two-body problem 3. Three-body problem 4. Perturbations of planets and satellites S 5. Dynamics of asteroids and planetary rings S 6. Dynamics of artificial satellites and space probes S 7. Tides L R 8. Non-gravitational perturbations 9. Dynamical evolution and stability of the Solar System E O 10. Conclusion T Acknowledgement E Glossary P Bibliography – Biographical Sketch A O H Summary C C The history of celestial mechanics is first briefly surveyed, identifying the major contributors and their contributions. The Ptolemaic and Copernican world models, S E Kepler’s laws of planetary motion and Newton’s laws of universal gravity are E presented. It is shown that the orbit of a body moving under the gravitational attraction L of another body can be represented by a conic section. The six orbital elements are N P defined, and it is indicated how they can be determined from observed positions of the body on the sky. Some special cases, permitting exact solutions of the motion of three U M gravitating bodies, are also treated. With two-body motion as a first approximati