初中英语语法讲解第2章名词.docVIP

初中英语语法 第二章：名词（Nouns）-s或-es构成复数形式。 如， two backpacks many heroes various activities one and half days thress friends ②其前可有限定词。可有冠词或其他限定词修饰。 如，a film an egg the Changjiang River two students many trees some many several cartoons 卡通片 a few topics abit of luck a great deal of trouble a little water ③有自己的格。名词有主格（作主语）、属格（作定语，表所属）和宾格（作宾语）。一般情况下，名词的主格和宾格是相同的，其属格一般是在其后加-’s 或用“ of + 名词”结构。 如，Children’s Day China’s policy 政策 today’s weather the economy（经济） of China ⑶分类： 普通名词——是某一类人、某一类事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名词个体名词，集体名词物质名词，抽象名词 ①个体名词：表示单个的人或物 e.g. tree树 doctor医生 cup杯子 apple苹果 表示一群人或一些事物的总称 e.g. crowd人群 army军队 class班级 family家庭 group小组，团队 police警方 team队 public公众 物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质 e.g. tea茶 paper纸 snow雪 cloth布 wood木头 sugar糖 meat肉 sand沙 ink墨水 coffee咖啡 抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等方面的抽象概念 e.g. happiness幸福 work工作 music音乐 experience经历 pride骄傲 failure失败 protection保护 专有名词’s Day ⑷名词的句法功能。 ①作主语 This country is famous for tea. A man’s voice is usually lower than a woman’s . ②作动词的宾语 Of all the vegetables ,I like potatoes best . I like English songs ,but my brother doesn’t . ③作介词的宾语 I think drinking too much beer is not good for your health . The computer is taking an important part in modern life . ④作宾语补足语 We are making our school a beautiful garden . We all find Beth a good liar . ⑤作表语 Heavy traffic is a big problem in most cities . Happiness is the true value of life . ⑥作同位语 These seats are for us students , and those are for the teachers . You girls come over here . ⑦作称呼语 Will you please step this way ,Mr Smith . Monica , won’t you come in ? ⑧作状语 We usually don’t have classes Sundays . We must get together again some day . ⑨作定语 In the south of China ,there grow many banana trees . Sorry ,I am a chemistry teacher ,not an English teacher . 注： 大多数情况下，名词用单数形式作定语： a paper basket a telephone directory a shoe factory heart attack a film star a book shop 但有些常以复数形式出现的名词也作定语： a clothes shop a sports meet a glass