虚拟语气用法和练习.docVIP

虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用 Grammar in use 语法运用虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用 【经典例题】1. If my lawyer _______ here last Saturday, he _______ me from going.A. had been; would have prevented??? B. had been; would preventC. were; would prevent????? D. were; would have prevented2. If I had worn my overcoat, I _______cold.A. won’t have caught??? B .couldn’t have caughtC. won’t catch???????? D. wouldn’t catch3.—If he ______ , he ______ that food.?—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not take??? B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken? D. would have been warned; had not taken4. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _______, she would have met my brother.A. has come?????? B. did come?? C. came??????? D. had come【答案与解析】1．A．本题考查虚拟语气。因为从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故从句谓语动词用过去完成时，而主句谓语动词用would have +过去分词形式。2．B．本题考查虚拟条件句中主句谓语动词的使用。因为从句用了过去完成时，可知主句谓语动词用would / could have +过去分词形式。根据句意，可知选B。3．B. 根据答语，可知本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。故从句谓语动词用过去完成时，而主句谓语动词用would have +过去分词形式。4．D． 根据句意“在会上我没有看到你的姐姐。如果她来的话，她就见到我哥哥了”可知，这是考查对过去事实的虚拟。主句用could have done，故从句谓语动词应该用过去完成时。 【重点归纳】一、虚拟条件句的类别虚拟条件句可分为三类：一类是叙述与现在事实相反的情况；一类是叙述与过去事实相反的情况；另一类是叙述与将来事实相反的情况。其主句和从句的谓语动词构成如下： 1. 与现在事实相反?条件从句用过去时（be动词的过去式一律用were），主句用would （should/ might / could）+动词原形”。如：If I were you, I would accept the invitation to the party.如果我是你的话，我将接受去舞会的邀请。If I knew her well, I would tell you about her.如果我很了解她的话，我将告诉你关于她的事情。2. 与过去事实相反?条件从句用过去完成时，主句用“would /should/ might / could + have +过去分词”, 如：If you had been there last night, nothing would have happened.如果你昨天晚上在那儿的话，就没有什么事情发生了。If I had got up earlier, I would have caught the first bus.如果我起得更早一些的话，就赶上头班车了。3．与将来事实相反?条件从句用过去时或者“were to + 动词原形”或者“should+ 动词原形”，主句用“would （should/ might / could）+动词原形”, 如：If it were Saturday tomorrow, we wouldn’t have an exam.如果明天是周六的话，我们就不考试了。If you were to visit the school tomorrow, you would see Professor Smith.如果你明天去参观学校的话，你就会看到史密斯教授。If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put o