huaxue o（化学啊）.docVIP

huaxue o（化学啊） Compulsory one The basic unit of _, 1 amino acid protein, its basic elements are C, H, O, N General structure: R, 2 amino acid peptide: - NH - CO- 1 NH2 - C - COOH 1 H 3, the number of water molecules from the peptide bond = number number number =_ amino acid peptide 4, polypeptide molecular weight = amino acid molecular weight x, amino acid number - x, water molecule number 18 5, nucleic acid species DNA: and RNA; basic components: C, H, O, N, P 6. The basic unit of DNA: deoxy nucleotides; the basic unit of RNA: ribonucleotide Composed of 7 nucleotides, 1 phosphoric acid and 1 molecules of five molecules and 1 carbon molecular nitrogen base. 8 and DNA mainly exist in the nucleus, and the bases are A, G, C and T; RNA mainly exists in the cytoplasm, and contains bases A, G, C, U; 9, the main energy source of the cell is carbohydrate, and the direct energy substance is ATP. 10. Glucose, fructose, ribose are monosaccharides; Sucrose, maltose, and lactose belong to the two sugars; Starch, cellulose, glycogen belong to the polysaccharide. 11. Lipids include fats, phospholipids, and sterols. 12, a large number of elements: C, H, O, N, P, S,, K, Ca, Mg (9) Trace elements: Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Cu, Mo (6) Basic elements: C, H, O, N (4) The most basic element: C (1 kinds) Main elements: C, H, O, N, P, S (6) 13. Water exists in cells: free water and bound water. 14, the cells contain the most compounds: water. 15. The inorganic salts in hemoglobin are: Fe2+, and inorganic salts in chlorophyll are: Mg2+ 16. The cell membrane model accepted by most scholars is called flow mosaic model 17, the cell membrane components: protein, lipid and a small amount of sugar. The basic skeleton of the cell membrane is the phospholipid bilayer. 18, the structure of the cell membrane is characterized by: mobility; features are: selective permeability. 19. Organelles with bilayer membranes: mitochondria, chloroplasts; Organelles with no membranous structure: ribosomes, centrosome; Organel