instrumental music英美文化文艺复兴音乐.ppt

Instrumental music;Instrumental music; Instrumental genres of the Baroque tend to be quite flexible in their terminology. The sonata, concerto, and suite were the most important genres of music for ensembles, the keyboard repertory encompassed sonatas, suites, and a variety of other formal types.; ; The sonata, generally for one or more violins and bass, consisted normally of a slow introduction, a loosely fugued allegro, a cantabile slow movement, and a lively finale in some binary form suggesting affinity with the dance-tunes of the suite. A trio sonata had three notated parts:two higher voices above a basso continuo. The upper voices can be performed by two violins, or two flutes, or two oboes, or any combination of these instruments.; By the middle of 17th century, a distinction had emerged between two different types of trio sonata: sonata for the chamber and sonata for the church. Sonata for the chamber consists of a suite of dances. Sonata for the church usually begins with a serious and majestic movement, suited to the dignity and sanctity of the church.; The term concerto was initially used to denote works involving voices and instruments in which the instruments had independent parts—as opposed to the Renaissance common practice in which the instruments that accompanied voices only doubled the voice parts. Concerto is characterized by the opposition between a soloist or soloists and an ensemble. ; The emergence of a genre that highlights the contrasts within its performing forces represents an important new development in the history of music. As with the sonata, several subcategories of concerto had established themselves by the end of the 17th century : the concerto grosso, the solo concerto, and the ripieno concerto.; The main composers of concerto of the baroque were Tommaso Albinoni, Antonio Vivaldi, and so on. The baroque concerto was mainly for a string instrument (violin, viola 中提琴