宏微观经济学HNDMicro and Macro 01课件.ppt

Micro and Macro Theory and Application ;Introduction to the Unit;For Outcome 1, you will need to be able to ;For Outcome 2, you will need to be able to;For Outcome 3, you will need to be able to;Some rules ;;微观经济学的基本框架;Microeconomics deals with: Behavior of individual units When Consuming How we choose what to buy ;Microeconomics deals with: Behavior of individual units When Producing How we choose what to produce ;Microeconomics deals with: Markets: The interaction of consumers and producers ;Macroeconomics deals with: Analysis of aggregate issues: Economic growth Inflation Unemployment ;The Linkage Between Micro and Macro-economics Microeconomics is the foundation of macroeconomic analysis ;5.1.1 Objective In economic theory we look at the behavior of three groups. They are: Households Firms Central Authorities;What are the Households ?;What are the Firms ?;What are the central authorities?;What is a Market?;5.1.2 What is a Market?;Defining the Market The market parameters（参数） must be set before an analysis of the market can take place. ;Arbitrage（套利交易） Buying a product at a low price in one location and selling at a high price in another ;Competitive vs. Noncompetitive Markets Competitive Markets Because of the large number of buyers and sellers, no individual buyer or seller can influence the price. Example: Most agricultural markets ;Competitive vs. Noncompetitive Markets Noncompetitive Markets Markets where individual producers can influence the price. Example: OPEC ;1960 年，阿拉伯主要产油国家组成了石油输出国组织。石油输出国组织（The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries，OPEC，欧佩克）是典型的卡特尔。 卡特尔（Cartel）是生产相似产品的独立企业联合起来以提高价格和限制产量的一种组织。;Market Price Competitive markets establish one price. Noncompetitive markets may set many prices for the same product. ;Market Definition These are entities（实体） that allow buyers and sellers to come together to buy and sell good. ;Remember the basic premise;;Supply and Demand;Supply and Demand;Supply and Demand;Supply and Demand;Supply and Demand;