泌尿系统疾病英文.ppt

causes: 1.Morphology: (1) grossly: granular atrophy of kidney Granule— collecting areas of compensative hypertrophy nephrons Depressed-- collecting areas of fibrosis of nephrons (2) LM: Most of glomeruli are partially or completely scarred and some converted to hyaline masses the nearby tubules are atrophy and fibrosis; Fibrosis of interstitial tissue is prominent, and there is an inflammatory infiltration in stroma Relatively normal glomeruli occur compensation, glomeruli occur hypertrophy and tubules dilate Fobrosis and hyelinzed of glomeruli atrophy and fibrosis of tubules compensative hypertrophy of nephron and tubules dilate an inflammatory infiltration in stroma 2. Clinical-pathological correlation Chronic nephritis syndrome (1) Renal failure: azotemia? uremia (2) Hypertension (3) Proteinurea and edema are not severe (4) Polyuria and nocturia renin↑ 3. Result Prognosis is very bad, the death causes are: (1) uremia (2) Hypertensional heart disease and cerebral hemorrhage (3) Infection VII IgA Nephropathy IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease): is the most common glomerular disease. Presence of prominent IgA deposits in the mesangial regions. Dx by immunocytochemical techniques. Frequent cause of recurrent gross or microscopic hematuria, nephrotic syndrome may be present. Affect children and young adults,. Associated with gluten enteropathy, liver disease. Slide 21.39 IgA deposition VIII Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSG): Sclerosis of some glomeruli; portions of capillary involved. Clinically show nephrotic syndrome or heavy proteinuria. Idiopathic responds poorly to steroids and progress to chronic renal failure. Causes: associated with HIV, drug abuse, sickle cell disease, IgA nephropathy, certain inherited disease and as primary disease, idiopathic. Sclerosis of some glomeruli; portions of capillary involved. Section 3 Pyelonephritis A. Definition: Pyelonephritis is a suppurative inflammation of renal pelvis, renal stroma