3-Modern internationaltrade theory课件.ppt

Chapter3 Modern International Trade Theory 第三章 现代国际贸易理论;Chapter Summary 本章内容概要;Producer equilibrium 生产者均衡 Consumer Equilibrium 消费者均衡 Producer equilibrium and Consumer Equilibrium 生产与消费同时均衡 ;Assuming that a typical industry vendors will use two factors of production - capital and labor to produce a commodity, and the isoquanta curve has the similar position, that the tangent slope of intersection that the any ray departure from the origin comes across the isoquants curve. 假设某行业典型厂商使用两种生产要素—资本和劳动生产一种商品，且等产量线具有同位相似性，即从原点出发的任一射线与等产量线族的交点的切线斜率相等。;劳动（L）;;Among, MRTSLK: The marginal rate of technical substitution of labor on capital 其中，MRTSLK：劳动对资本的边际技术替代率 MPL:Marginal product of labor MPL：劳动的边际产量 MPK:Marginal product of capital MPK：资本的边际产量 w：Wage rate w：工资率 r：Capital rental rate r：资本租金率 k：The slope of isocost curve k：等成本线的斜率;规模报酬不变;The straight line OE starting from the origin and through the point E1, pointE2 and point E3 points is the expansion of the channel, and it is the trajectory of the optimal combination of production factors with increasing cost. Each point on the expansion of the channel represents the producer equilibrium, and they have the same slope or marginal rate of technical substitution. 从原点出发经过E1点、E2点和E3点的直线OE是扩张通道，是成本不断增加时最优生产要素组合和产量的变化轨迹。扩张通道上的每点都代表生产者均衡，具有相同的斜率或边际技术替代率。;;;A country has a larger amount of labor than capital, and the country use all of the capital and labor to produce two goods X and Y, and the two sectors are constant returns to scale. The slope of expansion channel OEX of X industry in A country is smaller than the channel OEY of Y industry, X industry (K / L) X is less than the Y industry (K / L) Y, It is said X in country A is labor-intensive industry, and Y industry is capital-intensive industry. A国劳动拥有量大于资本，使用所有的资本和劳动生产两种商品X和Y，两个行业都是规模报酬不变。A国X行业的扩张通道OEX的斜率比Y行业的扩张通道OEY小，X行业（K/L）X小于Y行业（K/L