Anatomy Physiology Semester Exam Review（解剖学和生理学学期考试复习）.docVIP

Anatomy Physiology Semester Exam Review Differentiate between anatomy and physiology Anatomy – study of structure; physiology – study of function; structure determines function List and explain the function necessary for maintaining life (characteristics of life) Responsiveness, conductivity, growth, respiration, digestion, absorption, secretion, excretion, circulation, reproduction List and describe the levels of organization within the body Subatomic particles ( atom ( molecule ( macromolecule ( organelle ( cell ( tissue ( organ ( organ system ( organism List the three basic components of every feedback control system Sensor (receptor), integrator (control center), effector Explain the mechanisms of action (overall goal) of negative and positive feedback control systems Negative – to correct, stop, inhibit a change; positive – stimulates a change Compare and contrast the following: superior/inferior, posterior/anterior, proximal/distal, lateral/medial. Be able to use these terms to describe parts of the body. Superior – towards the head Inferior – towards the feet Posterior – back of the body Anterior – front of the body Proximal – towards the core of the body (referring to appendages) Distal – away from the core (referring to appendages) Lateral – away from the midline Medial – towards the midline Name and describe the 3 planes used to divide the body Sagittal – right left halves Transverse – superior and inferior halves Frontal or coronal – anterior and posterior halves Differentiate between ionic and covalent bonds. Ionic – electrons are transferred Covalent – electrons are shared Explain the importance of water within the human body. What percentage of the body is water? Makes up 70% of the human body Distinguish between each of the 4 classes of organic molecules in terms of structure and function. Carbohydrates: Monomer – monosaccharide Function – energy for cellular activities Proteins: Monomer – amino acid Function – defense