：【积累】 高中化学方程式.doc

：【积累】?高中化学方程式 非金属单质（F2?，Cl2?,?O2?,?S,?N2?,?P?,?C?,?Si）? 1,?氧化性：? F2?+?H2?===?2HF? F2?+Xe(过量)===XeF2? 2F2（过量）+Xe===XeF4? nF2?+2M===2MFn?(表示大部分金属)? 2F2?+2H2O===4HF+O2? 2F2?+2NaOH===2NaF+OF2?+H2O? F2?+2NaCl===2NaF+Cl2? F2?+2NaBr===2NaF+Br2? F2+2NaI?===2NaF+I2? F2?+Cl2?(等体积)===2ClF? 3F2?(过量)+Cl2===2ClF3? 7F2(过量)+I2?===2IF7? Cl2?+H2?===2HCl? 3Cl2?+2P===2PCl3? Cl2?+PCl3?===PCl5? Cl2?+2Na===2NaCl? 3Cl2?+2Fe===2FeCl3? Cl2?+2FeCl2?===2FeCl3? Cl2+Cu===CuCl2? 2Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2?Cl2?2NaI?==2NaCl+I2?5Cl2+I2+6H2O===2HIO3+10HCl?Cl2?Na2S===2NaCl+S?Cl2?H2S===2HCl+S?Cl2+SO2?2H2O===H2SO4?2HCl?Cl2?H2O2?==2HCl+O2?2O2?3Fe===Fe3O4?O2+K===KO2?S+H2===H2S?2S+C===CS2?S+Fe===FeS?S+2Cu===Cu2S?3S+2Al===Al2S3?S+Zn===ZnS?N2+3H2===2NH3?N2+3Mg===Mg3N2?N2+3Ca===Ca3N2?N2+3Ba===Ba3N2?N2+6Na===2Na3N?N2+6K===2K3N?N2+6Rb===2Rb3N?P2+6H2===4PH3?P+3Na===Na3P?2P+3Zn===Zn3P2?2．还原性? S+O2===SO2? S+O2===SO2? S+6HNO3(浓)===H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O? 3S+4?HNO3(稀)===3SO2+4NO+2H2O? N2+O2===2NO? 4P+5O2===P4O10(常写成P2O5)? 2P+3X2===2PX3?（X表示F2，Cl2，Br2）? PX3+X2===PX5? P4+20HNO3(浓)===4H3PO4+20NO2+4H2O? C+2F2===CF4? C+2Cl2===CCl4? 2C+O2(少量)===2CO? C+O2(足量)===CO2? C+CO2===2CO? C+H2O===CO+H2(生成水煤气)? 2C+SiO2===Si+2CO(制得粗硅)? Si(粗)+2Cl===SiCl4? (SiCl4+2H2===Si(纯)+4HCl)? Si(粉)+O2===SiO2? Si+C===SiC(金刚砂)? Si+2NaOH+H2O===Na2SiO3+2H2? 3，（碱中）歧化? Cl2+H2O===HCl+HClO? （加酸抑制歧化，加碱或光照促进歧化）? Cl2+2NaOH===NaCl+NaClO+H2O? 2Cl2+2Ca（OH）2===CaCl2+Ca（ClO）2+2H2O? 3Cl2+6KOH（热，浓）===5KCl+KClO3+3H2O? 3S+6NaOH===2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O? 4P+3KOH（浓）+3H2O===PH3+3KH2PO2? 11P+15CuSO4+24H2O===5Cu3P+6H3PO4+15H2SO4? 3C+CaO===CaC2+CO? 3C+SiO2===SiC+2CO? (天生提醒大家,由于网页输入原因,化学方程式的反应条件无法输入,吧友在参考时,可凭自己所学加入反应条件!这点我深表惭愧!) 二，金属单质（Na，Mg，Al，Fe）的还原性? 2Na+H2===2NaH? 4Na+O2===2Na2O? 2Na2O+O2===2Na2O2? 2Na+O2===Na2O2? 2Na+S===Na2S（爆炸）? 2Na+2H2O===2NaOH+H2? 2Na+2NH3===2NaNH2+H2? 4Na+TiCl4（熔融）===4NaCl+Ti? Mg+Cl2===MgCl2? Mg+Br2===MgBr2?