Introduction to Composite Materials - ASM （介绍复合材料ASM）.pdf

Structural Composite Materials Copyright © 2010, ASM International® F.C. Campbell All rights reserved. (#05287G) Chapter 1Chapter 1 Introduction to Composite MaterialsIntroduction to Composite Materials A CoMpoSIte MAterIAl can be defined sheets of continuous fibers in different orienta- as a combination of two or more materials that tions to obtain the desired strength and stiffness results in better properties than those of the indi- properties with fiber volumes as high as 60 to vidual components used alone. In contrast to 70 percent. Fibers produce high-strength com- metallic alloys, each material retains its separate posites because of their small diameter; they con- chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. tain far fewer defects (normally surface defects) the two constituents are a reinforcement and a compared to the material produced in bulk. As a matrix. the main advantages of composite ma- general rule, the smaller the diameter of the fiber, terials are their high strength and stiffness, com- the higher its strength, but often the cost increases bined with low density, when compared with as the diameter becomes smaller. In addition, bulk materials, allowing for a weight reduction smaller-diameter high-strength fibers have greater in the finished part. flexibility and are more amenable to fabrication the reinforcing phase provides the strength processes such as weaving or forming over radii. and stiffness. In most cases, the reinforcement