微观经济学的笔记3（Notes in microeconomics 3）.docVIP

微观经济学的笔记3（Notes in microeconomics 3） Notes in microeconomics 3 The third chapter, consumer behavior theory ---- utility theory The first section is the introduction of utility theory (1) concepts of desire, preference, and utility Desire is a feeling that a person wants to achieve without getting something. Preference is the sort of consumers portfolio of goods that can be consumed by ones own will. It reflects the subjective evaluation of an individuals relative value of goods or services. In view of the subjective characteristics of preferences, economics needs to look for other analytical tools that can be measured and can be interpreted to explain consumer behavior. Economics uses utility to explain the dynamics of consumer behavior, and also uses it to measure consumer preferences. Utility is the effectiveness of goods or services that satisfy the desires of consumers. It reflects the relationship between goods and services and the happiness and pain of consumers, the satisfaction that people derive from their own consumption. Understanding the concept of utility requires the following three points: Utility is the degree of satisfaction that people feel when they consume goods or services, and it is a subjective psychological feeling. Preference determines utility, and different preferences determine different evaluations of the utility of the same commodity. Utility is also an objective attribute shared by all goods. In general, micro economics does not deliberately to explore the ethical meaning of utility (but covered by the 1998 Nobel laureate Amartya Sen? (AMARTYA SEN, 1933-) the increasing influence in welfare economics field of pioneering research and ethics and economics which symbolized this tradition has been broken). (two) cardinal utility theory and ordinal utility theory 1. cardinal utility theory The cardinal utility theory pays attention to the objective attribute of utility. The basic assumption of cardinal utility theory: the cardinal utility t