免疫学复习题（Immunology review）.docVIP

免疫学复习题（Immunology review） Immunology review Noun interpretation Monoclonal antibody: a highly specific antibody produced by hybridoma cells producing only a single clone antibody, B cell, that recognizes only one epitope Immunity: the immune system is a functional immune system that identifies and excludes antigenic foreign bodies: immune organs and tissues, immune cells, and immune molecules. The immune organs are divided into central immune organ and peripheral immune organ. The central immune organ, also called primary lymphoid organ, is the site where all kinds of immune cells develop, differentiate and mature. Peripheral immune organs, also called secondary lymphoid organs, are the sites where mature lymphocytes settle and produce immune responses. Antibodies are B cells that recognize antigen after activation, proliferate, differentiate into plasma cells, and are synthesized and secreted by plasma cells that can specifically bind to corresponding antigens. Antigen: a substance that stimulates the bodys immune system to produce a specific immune response and is able to produce a specific combination of the immune response product in the body or in vitro. Two characteristics of complete antigen: immunogenicity and antigenicity. Hapten: a substance that has antigenicity but no immunogenicity. It can only be antigen specific, but it can not induce the organism to produce antibodies. Antigen determinant: a specific chemical gene known as epitope in the antigen molecule, which determines antigen specificity. Antitoxin: with specific neutralizing toxin substances. Toxoid: is used by 0.3%~0.4% and bacterial exotoxins formaldehyde treatment. Complement: a group of immunoglobulins associated with immunity and enzyme activity but not heat resistant, found in normal serum of organisms, humans, and animals. HLA complex: in mammals, the genes encoding MHS are on the same chromosome, a tightly linked group of genes called the HLA complex. Genetic characteristics: A., polygen