儿科考试重点（Pediatric examination highlights）.docVIP

儿科考试重点（Pediatric examination highlights） Famous solution: 1. neonatal jaundice definition: the accumulation of bilirubin in the body caused by the skin, mucous membranes and sclera yellow dye. Neonatal bilirubin in excess of 5~7mg/dl (more than 2mg/dl adult) can appear visible jaundice. When the blood is not combined bilirubin is too high, can cause bilirubin encephalopathy, also known as nuclear jaundice, generally leave sequelae, serious can lead to death. The disease can be divided into physiological jaundice and pathological jaundice. 2. infantile diarrhea, or diarrhea, is a group of digestive diseases caused by many diseases and many factors. It is characterized by the increase of stool frequency and the change of stool character. Belongs to the category of TCM of diarrhea. It is one of the causes of malnutrition, growth and development, and death in children. Common type: clinical manifestations: 1 gastrointestinal symptoms: increased stool frequency, stool several times a day to dozens of times, mostly yellow water and fecal egg pattern, containing a small amount of mucus, a few of the children can have a small amount of blood. Low appetite, often vomiting, severe cases can spit coffee color liquid. 2 severe diarrhea, in addition to the heavier gastrointestinal symptoms, often have obvious dehydration, electrolyte disorders and systemic poisoning symptoms. (dehydration, metabolic acidosis and hypokalemia, low calcium and low magnesium syndrome) 3. measles: it is a common infectious disease of respiratory tract in childhood. It is characterized by fever, upper respiratory tract inflammation, conjunctivitis, measles, mucous membrane spots and systemic papules. Infectivity is strong, measles children and sub clinical with virus is the source of infection, the patients mouth, nose, pharynx, trachea and eye secretions contain measles virus, through sneezing, coughing, talking and other droplets spread. 4. rubella: rubella virus is caused by acute respiratory tract