土木工程在我国现状和未来发展趋势.doc

土木工程在我国的现状及未来发展趋势 虎跃 摘要：我国是四大文明古国之一，我国的古代建筑闻名世界，万里长城故宫还有最早的石拱桥赵州桥都属于土木工程范畴。土木工程是建造各类工程设施的科学技术的统称。它既指所应用的材料、设备和所进行的勘测、设计、施工、保养维修等技术活动；也指工程建设的对象，即建造在地上或地下、陆上或水中 ，直接或间接为人类生活、生产、军事、科研服务的各种工程设施，例如房屋、道路、铁路、运输管道、隧道、桥梁、运河、堤坝、港口、电站、飞机场、海洋平台、给水和排水以及防护工程等。我国的土木工程建设从2O世纪5O年代起一直没有停过，且发展很快，尤其在近年来，发展极为迅猛，几乎整个中国成了一个大的建设工地。新的高楼大厦、展览中心、铁路、公路、桥梁、港口航道及大型水利工程在祖国各地如雨后春笋般地涌现，新结构、新材料、新技术大力研究、开发和应用。发展之快，数量之巨，令世界各国惊叹不已：但是，自改革开放以来，我国城市发展进入了一个崭新的阶段，城市的数量、规模和人口数量都有了飞速的发展。这就要求更多的建筑来满足城市发展的需求．单是不难看出，目前，我国的城市建筑尤其是房屋建筑，并不能满足人们的需求。随着科学技术的迅猛发展以及建筑材料的发展土木工程的发展涉及的领域将会越来越广泛，越来越有深度。 关键词 ：土木工程历史； 工程建造对象；现状；发张趋势； Abstract: the civil engineering is to build all kinds of engineering facilities of science and technology. It refers to the application of materials, equipment and conducted reconnaissance, design, construction, maintenance and other technical activities; Also refers to the object of engineering construction, which are built on the ground or underground, land or water, directly or indirectly for human life, production, military, scientific research and service of all kinds of engineering facilities, such as pipeline, houses, roads, railways, tunnels, Bridges, canals, DAMS, ports, power stations, airports, offshore engineering, water supply and drainage and protection. The civil engineering construction of our country from the 2 o 5 o s hasnt been stopped, and developing rapidly, especially in recent years, the development is very rapid, almost the whole of China is a big construction site. New high-rise buildings, exhibition center, railways, highways, Bridges, ports, waterways and large water conservancy projects across the country, such as bamboo shoots, new structure, new materials, new technology research, development and application. Develop fast, the amount of, make the world amazing: however, since Chinas reform and opening-up, urban development in China has entered a new stage, the number of cities, the scale and the population has a rapid development. Th