数位课程 - TKWU.PPT

多媒體在教學上運用參考的原則 多媒體原則 (multimedia) 空間連續原則 (spatial contiguity) 時間連續原則 (temporal contiguity) 一致性原則 (coherence) 形式原則 (modality) 重複原則 (redundancy) 個別差異原則 (individual difference) Multimedia Principle (nontechnical): People learn better from corresponding words and graphics (e.g., animation, video, illustrations, pictures) than from words alone. (technical): If creating a verbal explanation or a verbal description of a procedure, then also present corresponding graphics (e.g., animation, video, illustrations, pictures). Spatial Contiguity Principle (nontechnical): People learn better when corresponding words and graphics are placed near rather than far from each other on the screen. (technical): If presenting a multimedia message consisting of graphics and printed words, then place each set of printed words near rather than far from the portion of the graphic they describe. Temporal Contiguity Principle (nontechnical): People learn better when corresponding animation and narration segments are presented simultaneously. (technical): If creating a fast-paced multimedia message without learner control, then present corresponding animation and narration segments at the same time. Coherence Principle (nontechnical): People learn better from multimedia messages when extraneous words, pictures, and sounds are excluded rather than included. (technical): If creating a multimedia message, then eliminate words, pictures, and sounds that are not directly relevant to the explanation. Modality Principle (nontechnical): People learn better from animation and narration than from animation and on-screen text. (technical): If creating a fast-paced multimedia message without learner control, then present verbal explanations in spoken form rather than in printed form. Redundancy Principle (nontechnical): People learn better from animation and narration than from animation, narration, and on-screen text. (technical): If creating a fast-paced multimedia message without learn