专题四 电离平衡和盐类的水解平衡（Thematic four ionization equilibrium and salt hydrolysis equilibrium）.docVIP

专题四 电离平衡和盐类的水解平衡（Thematic four ionization equilibrium and salt hydrolysis equilibrium） Ii. Induction of test points: 1. Comparison of ionization balance and hydrolysis equilibrium: Ionization balance Hydrolysis equilibrium The research object Weak electrolyte (weak acid, weak strong, water) Salt (strong alkali weak acid salt, strong acid weak base salt) Solid mass Weak acid H + plus weak acid root ion Weak base OH - plus weak base ions Salt disassociates: Weak acid root + H2O weak acid (root) + OH - Weak base ion plus H2O weak base plus H plus Special point The weaker the acid (base); Less ionization The ionization process absorbs heat Multiple weak acids: fractional ionization and Level 1 ionization secondary ionization tertiary ionization The weaker the hydrolysis (the weaker the acid or alkali, the greater the hydrolysis); The hydrolysis process absorbs heat; (1) the hydrolysis of secondary hydrolysis. expression Ionization equation H2CO3 HCO3 - + H + HCO3 - CO32 - + H + Hydrolysis equation CO32 - + H2O HCO3 - + OH - HCO3 - + H2O H2CO3 + OH - shadow ring Due to the plain The temperature Heating up, promoting ionization, increasing ion concentration (except for volatile solute) Warming up, promoting hydrolysis strong The degree of Add water to dilute It promotes ionization, but the concentration of ions does not increase Promote the hydrolysis Join the same ion Inhibition of ionization Inhibit the hydrolysis of Added reaction ion Promote the ionization Promote the hydrolysis 2. Influencing factors of water and water: The ionization of water is a specific form of the equilibrium of ionization, so it can be extended to think and understand the influence factors of the ionization equilibrium of specific water from the influence factors of ionization equilibrium. (1) temperature: due to the ionization process of water absorption of heat, so heat up the water moves to the right of ionization balance, namely heating can promote water ionization, c (H +), c (OH -)