2016中职教材汽车专业英语（高教版 黄立新主编）教案：What Is Crankshaft and Flywheel.docVIP

Chapter Two Engine 【课题】What Is Crankshaft and Flywheel 【教材版本】 高等教育出版社，2005版中职教材《汽车专业英语》. 黄立新主编. 【教学目标】 ? 了解汽车构造，掌握有关词汇词组。 掌握汽车相关术语的英语表达方法。 能查阅与汽车知识有关的英文资料。 能借助字典翻译汽车构造方面的文章。 教学重点：? 汽车相关术语的英语表达方法。 的翻译 A. 语言功能意念训练 B. 围绕课文展开的讨论 C. 各抒己见：就课文引出的话题交流意见，表述个人观点。 D. 导入、示例、多媒体 增加阅读和学习的趣味性，尽量做到通俗易懂。Flywheel is a heavy wheel attached to the shaft of an engine to keep its speed nearly constant. It is used where the forces driving the engine shaft are not constant. The crankshaft turns the pistons up and down motion into circular motion just like a crank on a jack-in-the-box does. 二、新授（75分钟） 译前词语准备 crankshaft 曲轴 flywheel 飞轮 cast 铸造 forge 锻造 alloy 合金 mechanical 机械的 strength 强度 thrust 推力 distortion 变形，扭曲 译文及评析 The crankshaft is a one-piece casting or forging of heat treated alloy steel of considerable mechanical strength. 曲轴是由合金钢整体铸造或锻造，经过热处理，具有一定的机械强度。 评析：本句内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致，采用“顺序法”。 The crankshaft must be strong enough to take the downward thrusts of the pistons during the power strokes without excessive distortion. 曲轴必须具有足够的强度，以承受在作功行程中活塞的向下运动所产生的冲力，而不会产生过度的扭曲。 评析：注意翻译的灵活性，进行适当的词性转换。“strong”是形容词，意思是“强度高的”，翻译成“具有足够的强度”比较通顺。同样，不妨把“without excessive distortion”翻译成“不会产生过度的扭曲”。 In addition, the crankshaft must be carefully balanced to eliminate undue vibration resulting from the weight of the offset cranks. To provide balance, crankshafts have counterweights opposite the cranks. Crankshafts have drilled oil passages through which oil can flow from the main to the connecting-rod bearings. 另外，曲轴必须仔细地平衡，以避免因曲柄重心偏移而引起剧烈振动。为了保持平衡，曲轴上有与曲柄偏心相平衡的配重。曲轴上还钻有油道，使润滑油可以从主轴承流到连杆轴承上。 评析：opposite the cranks不能翻译成“与曲轴相反的”，而是应该是“与曲柄偏心相平衡的”。 The front end of the crankshaft carries three devices, the gear or sprocket that drives the camshaft, the vibration damper, and the fan belt pulley. The pulley drives the engine fan, water pump, and generator with a V belt. 在曲轴的前段有三个装置：驱动凸轮轴的齿轮或链轮、减震器和风扇皮带轮。皮带轮通过V型皮带驱动发动机风扇，水泵和发电机。 评析