操作系统第四章 线程、对称多处理和微内核.pptVIP

* Windows Process Object * Windows Thread Object * Windows 2000 Thread States Ready Standby Running Waiting Transition Terminated * Windows Thread States * Solaris Process includes the user’s address space, stack, and process control block User-level threads Lightweight processes (LWP) Kernel threads * Solaris Multithreaded Architecture * Process Structure in Traditional Unix * Solaris Lightweight Data Structure Identifier Priority Signal mask Saved values of user-level registers Kernel stack Resource usage and profiling data Pointer to the corresponding kernel thread Pointer to the process structure * Solaris User-level Thread * Linux Task Data Structure State Scheduling information Identifiers Interprocess communication Links Times and timers File system Address space Processor-specific context * Linux States of a Process Running Interruptable Uninterruptable Stopped Zombie * Linux States of a Process * Threads, SMP and Microkernels Chapter 4 * Process Scheduling/execution- follows an execution path that may be interleaved with other processes Resource ownership - process includes a virtual address space to hold the process image These two characteristics are treated independently by the operating system * Multithreading Modern operating system supports multiple threads of execution within a single process * Multithreading (contd.) In a multithreaded environment, a process is defined as the unit of resource allocation and a unit of protection: Have a virtual address space which holds the process image Protected access to processors, other processes (for interprocess communication), files, and I/O resources (devices and channels) * Multithreading (contd.) Within a process, there may be one or more threads, each with the following: An execution state (running, ready, etc.) Saved thread context when not running Has an execution stack Some per-thread static storage for local variables Access to the memory and resources of its process * Single Threaded and Multithrea