词汇学_lexic4.pptVIP

Chapter 4 Major Process of Word Formation Teaching Outline Three ways of extending word stock: Borrowing words Create entirely new words Form new words from existing resources 1. What is morpheme? Types of morphemes? 2. What is the difference between inflection and derivation? 3. How to judge the nature of a morpheme from the from of prefix and suffix? Inflectional suffixes Derivational affixes 4. What is the function of inflectional morphemes? 5. Give examples of regular and irregular inflectional morphemes. Allomorph 6. What are the functions of derivational morphemes? 7. what is the relationship between derivational morphemes and word class? Word-formation processes Three major processes of word-formation a. Compounding (about 27%) b. Derivation or affixation (about 17.5%); c. Conversion (about 10.5%) Note: these three processes account for 55% of the new vocabulary.  The eight minor processes of word-formation a. Initialism and acronym (about 9%) b. Blending (about 6%) c. Clipping (about 2%) d. Words from proper names (about 2%) e. Back formation (about 1%) f. Reduplication (about 0.5%) g. Analogy (about 4%) h. Others ( about 3%) Note: Words formed by these minor processes account for 26.5% of the new vocabulary. Warm up exercises 奥巴马陷“拿铁敬礼”门? When President Obama stepped off Marine One at the Wall Street landing zone in New York City, he saluted back two Marines at the bottom of the stairs as he held a coffee cup in the same hand. 美国总统直升机座驾“海军陆战队一号”降落在纽约市华尔街降落区，奥巴马下飞机后，用拿着咖啡杯的手向两位敬礼的陆战队员回礼。 The unusual gesture appeared in an Instagram video posted by the White House on social media. It was quickly dubbed the “latte salute.” The video drew ridicule from some Instagram users, who saw the unorthodox salute as “un-presidential.” 这一视频引来一些Instagram用户的嘲讽，认为这种不正规的敬礼方式“有失总统风范”。 Others saw unnecessary nitpicking in the criticism. “People are dying from disease, abuse or even hunger,” another user commented on the video. “Priorities.” 有些用户则表示没有必要如此挑刺。有用户评论说：“人