西南财大欧洲文化概论吐血复习总结(珍藏).docVIP

Greek Culture希腊罗马第一章 1. The richness of European Culture was created by Greco-Roman element and Judeo-Christian element. The Trojan War was fought by The Greeks and The Trojans. The two most famous polises城邦 in Ancient Greece are Sparta and Athens.斯巴达和雅典。 Sparta ：battles,war machine.武力统治； Athens：democracy民主，市民社会 Alexander亚历山大统治之前希腊从没有是一个完整的国家。 The 5th century B.C. closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta in Greece. The Homer’s epics consisted of Iliad and Odyssey. Drama Greek Drama performed in open-air theatres.actors wear masks面具.chorus合唱 The tragedian of Ancient Greece: Sophocles Euripides Aeschylus Aeschylus埃斯库罗斯--“the father of tragedy注意和下面喜剧之父对比”,he wrote play Prometheus Bound. Sophocles’s work is Oedipus the King . 奥狄浦斯王 the Oedipus Complex.恋母情结 Aristophanes阿里斯托芬 --“the father of comedy” History Herodotus --“Father of History”,recording the origin and process of the Greco-Persian Wars. Thucydides--“the father of scientific history”Work-History of the Peloponnesian War. Philosophy and Science Pythagoras毕达哥拉斯--the founder of scientific mathematics.解析几何创始者“Everything is made of numbers.”勾股定理他创的。 Heraclitus赫拉克利特--“The only thing that does not change, is change itself.”唯物主义。You cannot step twice into the same river. Fire 是宇宙之源 Democritus德谟克利特--atoms: “indivisible units”原子论 Euclid-欧几里得-“father of geometry” 《Elements》。Deduction 归纳演绎 Archimedes阿基米德。The principle of the lever杠杆原理。Give me a place to stand,and I will move the world.给我一个支点，我将翘起一个地球。 Principle of buoyancy浮力 Socrates--asking and answering questions .问答来解决问题，诘问法 the dialectical method of inquiry. Dialogues对话录。 Plato established the school Academy and his student Aristotle founded Lyceum学会.亚里士多德在柏拉图的Academy里学习多年。 Plato’s Work--Republic.理想国 According to Aristotle, man’s aim in life is happiness. 简答会考为什么柏拉图是理想主义吗？在练习册第八页。 苏格拉底是柏拉图的老师，柏拉图是亚里士多德的老师。 The ways that Aristotle is different from his teacher Plato! Aristotle Plato Emphasis on direct observation of nature; insisted that theory should