西医英语,消化腺.ppt

Anna  The alimentary gland salivary glands, The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are accessory organs of the digestive system that are closely associated with the small intestine. salivary glands Three pairs of major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands) Saliva contains water, mucus and enzyme amylase. Functions It has a cleaning action on the teeth. It moistens and lubricates food during mastication and swallowing. It dissolves certain molecules so that food can be tasted. It begins the chemical digestion of starches through the action of amylase, which breaks down polysaccharides into disaccharides. salivary glands liver 消化腺及其分泌 功 能： 1、改变pH 2、分解作用 3、稀释食物 4、分泌黏液、抗体和液体，保护作用分泌 为耗能过程 * The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food, absorbing nutrients from the food, and ridding the body of waste products from the food. It is roughly nine meters long and begins at the mouth and ends at the anus. The digestive system consists of the: the alimentary tract mouth, pharynx , esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum and anus the accessory organs salivary glands, liver, gall bladder and pancreas 食管esophagus 是一肌性长管 上端→第6颈椎→咽。 下端→第11胸椎→膈肌→胃喷门。 有3个狭窄 长约25cm。 The esophagus is the second step to digestion and closely follows the oral cavity – once swallowing has initiated. esophagus食管 食管的组织结构H·E 粘膜上皮 固 有 层 粘膜肌层 粘膜下层 肌 层 外 膜 粘 膜 层 四、胃 （一）胃的位置和形态 胃大部分位于左季肋区，小部分位于腹上区。 胃具有受纳食物，分泌胃液，进行初步消化的功能，还有内分泌机能。 The stomach is divided into the fundic, cardiac, body, and pyloric regions. The stomach has three layers of muscle: an outer longitudinal layer, a middle circular layer, and an inner oblique layer. The inner lining consists of four layers: the serosa, the muscularis, the submucosa, and the mucosa. The mucosa is densely packed with gastric glands, which contain cells that produce digestive enzymes, hydrochloric acid, and mucus. The stomach is a multi-functional organ, it stor