英语大一下8单元.pptVIP

Chapter 8 Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers 3. Conversion into Ethers Alcohols are converted into ethers by alkoxide ion react with an alkyl halide----Williamson ether Synthesis. Cyclopentoxide ion Cyclopentyl methyl ether (74%). SN2 reactions, primary alkyl halides work best because competitive E2 elimination can occur with more hindered substrates. Unsymmetrical ethers are prepared by reaction of the more hindered alkoxide partner with the less hindered alkyl halide partner, rather than vice versa. Problem 8.12 Treatment of cyclohexanol with sodium metal gives an alkoxide ion that undergoes reaction with iodoethane to yield cyclohexyl ethyl ether. Write the reaction, showing all the steps. Problem 8.13 How would you prepare the following ethers? Yuling Wang Alocohol has a hydroxyl group(-OH) bond to carbon atom; Phenol has a hydroxyl group bonded to an aromatic ring; Ether has an oxygen atom bonded to two organic groups. 8.1 Naming Alcohols, Phenols, and Ether Alcohols primary (1°) secondary (2°) tertiary (3°) STEP 1. Select the longest carbon chain containing the hydroxyl group, and replace the ending -e with -ol. STEP 2. Number the parent chain beginning at the end nearer the hydroxyl group. STEP 3. Write the name listing the substituents in alphabetical order. 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 2-Methyl-2-Pentanol cis-1,4-Cyclohexanediol 3-Phenyl-2-butanol Some well-known alcohols also have common names: Benzyl alcohol (Phenylmethanol) tert-Butyl alcohol (2-Methyl-2-propanol) Glycerol (1,2,3-Propanetriol), (2S)(3E)-1-氯-3-戊烯-2-醇 C OH CH2CL H C H CH3 H 1 3 4 2 5 S E (2S)(3E)-1-chloro-3-pentene-2-ol Phenols: Phenols are named as substituted aromatic compounds with -phenol as the parent name. m-Methylphenol (m-Cresol) 2,4-Dinitrophenol Ethers: Simple ethers are named by identifying the two organic groups and adding the word ether. tert-Butyl methyl ether Ethyl phenyl ether If more than one ether link