英语国家概况(修订版)Chapter 10.pptxVIP

A Guide to English-Speaking Countries;;CONTENT; Constitution—basic instrument law, drawn up in 1787, came into effect in 1789 Two characters: separation of powers, checks and balances specified exactly what power the central government had and which power was reserved for the states ;Significance of the Constitution Taking precedence over all state constitutions and laws, and over laws made by the congress; First of its kind in the world, it has inspired dozens of other countries to seek political reform. ;;2. Federal System Government; The Federal Government—the central government Three equal and separate branches： The Executive branch The Legislative branch The Judicial branch They are checked and balanced by one another. ;2.2 The executive branch; The executive branch consists of 15 departments and many independent agencies； Cabinet is formed by department heads—secretaries； source of advice and assistance to the president President is chief of the executive. first citizen his wife—First Lady ;;2.2.1 Departments White House;As Chief Executive, he is given the authority or duty: to command the armed forces and grant pardons; to make appointments to certain offices; to conclude treaties; to send and receive diplomatic and consular officials; to inform Congress on the “state of the Union”; to recommend legislation, approve or veto bills passed by Congress, and ensure the execution of laws. ;The president’s limits: major appointments with approval of the Senate; veto overridden by Congress with two-thirds consent of the Senators; all appropriations legislated by Congress; can be impeached by Congress if abusing power or committing crimes; no power to dismiss Congress; his policy can be vetoed and abolished by the Supreme Court. ;Natural-born American citizen of and over 35 years old; Being resident within US for at least 14 years; Serve one or two successive terms of four years. Franklin D. Roosevelt—the only president who served more than two succes