英语国家社会与文化unit 1-2.pptVIP

History Part Two Early Settlement (…-55B.C.) 1. Before the great Ice Age: cave men or stone age men 2. 3000B.C. :the Iberians from the Mediterranean area 3. 750B.C. : The Celtic tribes First-750B.C. : Gaels Second-500B.C. : Britons Third-100B.C. : from Gaul Roman invasion: Between 55 and 54 B.C., Julius Caesar, the great Roman general, invaded Britain twice. The real conquest began in 43A.D. England became a Roman Province in name. 4. Roman Civilization to Britain: A. Architecture: For military purpose, they built roads, castles and walls—the Hadrian’s wall. They also built theatres, temples and other fine buildings. B. ?Class formed: The slave society was introduced into England. The land lords, officials, made up of the ruling class. Some native people, Celts became slaves. C. Religion: The Romans brought the new religion, Christianity, to Britain. III Anglo-Saxon Times (410-871) 1.Basic information A. Germanic tribes: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. B. Reason: The first arrivals were invited by a British king to defend against the Picts and Scots. The Celts were pushed back to the mountains of Wales, Scotland and across to Ireland. C. Language: They spoke old English and modern English descend from it. 2. Heptarchy The three tribes formed a “nation of English”, which were not united well. England was divided into many kingdoms. They often fought one another for 200 years. This period was known as Heptarchy”. Finally Wessex won and the king of Wessex became the “king of the English”. 3. Unification At the end of 8th century, Danish Vikings began to invade England. Kingdoms got united against the invaders. So England was formed. The king Alfred was the most famous, brave, capable man and he made him worthy of his title “Alfred the Great”. Feudal system began during the Anglo-Saxon times. IV. The invasion of Vikings and th