英语国家概况Unit3 History1(UK).pptVIP

Viking Invasion Alfred the Great Alfred the Great Father of British Navy; the Danelaw (eastern part of England for the Danes); established schools and brought churchmen to teach Latin; his writings and translations (beginning of prose literature in England); Britain under the Norman kings William the Conqueror replaced the English bishops with Normans and made himself Head of the Bishops; completed the establishment of the feudal system in England, Sent his clerks to compile a property record known as Domesday Book in 1085. (The book stated the extent, value, population and ownership of the Land). Feudal System King Henry II and his reforms HenryⅡ House of Plantagenet （金雀花王朝） Royal line  Richard I Richard I succeeded Henry II in 1189. known as Richard the Lion- heart （狮心王）even before his accession, because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior. While he spoke very little English and spent very little time in England (he lived in the southwest of France). He was busy with the Crusade（十字军东征） in his lifetime. He remains one of the very few Kings of England remembered as an enduring, iconic figure in England. Decline of Feudalism The Greater Charter (1215) Beginning of Parliament（1265） The Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) The Black Death ( 1348-1349) The Wars of the Roses (1455-1485) ) Renaissance: The Renaissance began in Italy in the early 14th century, with Leonardo Da Vinci as its representative figure. In England, the Renaissance began with the accession of the House of Tudor to the throne in 1485. The date was close to that of the introduction of printing into England by William Caxton. Robin Hood While King Richard I was fighting in the crusades, England was governed by his brother John, who imposed all the taxes. Robin Hood lived with his band of “merry men” in Sherwood Forest, stealing from the rich and giving to the poor. King John was demanding more feudal taxes and army service, and then an army of angry