英美概况USA-7.pptVIP

1. Reconstruction in the South 2. Industrial Expansion 3. Becoming an Imperialist Power 1. Reconstruction in the South Definition: the transformation of the Southern United States from 1863 to 1877, with the reconstruction of states and society in the former Confederacy. Purposes How to reunite the Southern states? What to do with those Confederate leaders? What to do with civil rights of the freed slaves? 1. Reconstruction 总统重建期—1863到66年:由亚伯拉罕·林肯和安德鲁·强森两位总统主导，以迅速团结国家为目标。开始于解放宣言。他们的温和方案受到的激进共和党人抵制。 国会重建期—1866到73年:共和党激进派在1866年大选后控制国会，他们以自由黑人的公民权利和投票权为重点进行改革，一个由自由黑人、提包客和南方共和党白人组成的共和党同盟控制了南方大部分的州。 救赎期—1873到77年:南方民主党白人（自称救赎者）击败了共和党并控制了南方的每一个州，对有色人种实施“隔离平等”政策，标志着重建时期的结束。 1. Reconstruction Policies Moderate Republican (Lincoln) Moderate Democrats (Johnson) Results of Moderates’ Policies Radical Republicans End of Reconstruction Radical vs Moderate Republicans The Moderate Republicans said that slavery could be easily destroyed as soon as Confederate armies surrendered and the Southern states repealed secession and accepted the 13th Amendment (1865, all slaves freed). The Radical Republicans argued that the Confederate leaders should be severely punished and slavery had to be destroyed totally and forever. 1.1 Moderate Republican’ Policies Lincoln [1861-5]1863, Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (Ten percent plan) A state could be reintegrated into the Union when 10% of the voters had taken an oath of allegiance to the U.S. and pledged to abide by the Emancipation (1863). The states could elect a state government and a state legislature. 1.1 Moderate Democrats’ Policies Andrew Johnson [1865-9]: 17th president a series of proclamations provided amnesty for all insurgents except those holding property valued at $20,000 or more. appointed provisional governors and authorized elections. None included any provisions regarding black suffrage or freedmen’s rights. 1.1 Results of Moderates’ Policies Former Confederate leaders controlled the congresses and